Bulk Cavitation in Model Gasoline Injectors and Their Correlation with the Instantaneous Liquid Flow Field

It is well established that spray characteristics from automotive injectors depend on, among other factors, whether cavitation arises in the injector nozzle. Bulk cavitation, which refers to development distant walls and thus far streamline curvature associated with salient points on a wall, has not been thoroughly investigated experimentally nozzles. Consequently, it clear what causing this phenomenon. The research objective of study was visualize three different models (designated as Type A, B, C) quantify liquid flow field relation bulk In all models, present. We expected be swirling its axis parallel However, velocity measurements obtained through particle image velocimetry (PIV) demonstrated absence structure mean just upstream nozzle exit, at plane normal hypothetical injector. we applied proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analyze instantaneous data records order capture dominant coherent structures potentially related cavitation. found most energetic mode corresponded when present flow.